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To hide and find. Some of the features of F-22A and su-57:
The modern and advanced fighter of the 5th generation there are a number of important requirements. In particular, they deal with the issues of stealth and detection systems. Modern fighter needs to notice and to attack the enemy long before you spot him the most. In this context, can be considered advanced fighter aircraft of the leading countries – the us F-22A and Russian su-57.
American superiority
In the advertising materials for the project, Lockheed Martin F-22A constantly mentioned the numerous benefits of this aircraft before another aircraft, which is provided by a complete superiority. Consider what the arguments are for such advertisement.
The Modern ideology of development of tactical aviation provides the maximum reduction in the visibility of the aircraft through the use of so-called stealth technology. The F-22A has special contours and design of airframe, special nozzles, etc. due to this, allegedly, was able to drastically reduce the effective area of scattering and heat radiation – low visibility to radar and infrared detection.
The Exact values of the ESR and other parameters, for obvious reasons, not published, but there are different grades. Among Russian researchers popular version of the EPR at the level of 0.3 sq. m. In foreign sources, based on materials, "Lockheed Martin", indicates that at certain angles the ESR falls to 1-2 sq. cm it Should be remembered that the actual value of this parameter may depend on a number of factors. In addition, in certain situations, the aircraft can be equipped with reflectors, masking his real characteristics.
Taken measures to reduce thermal radiation. First of all, it is a special flat nozzles, which reduces the temperature of the exhaust gases. In high-speed flight is heating the leading edges of the airframe. This case provides a special cooling system. The exact parameters of the infrared radiation is unknown, but some sources claim that the aircraft be protected from missiles from CGSN.
The Primary means of detection at the aircraft the F-22A is airborne radar Northrop Grumman / Raytheon AN/APG-77. Station with active phased array radar has an instrumental range of more than 520 km. the Distance of detection depends on the parameters of a specific goal. Large targets with a big EPR intersect at a distance of 400 km At EPR 1 m range decreases to 220-240 km / h at 0.1 square m – 110-120 km is accompanied by a 100 targets and provides fire 20.
Radar system is complemented by warning receiver (SPO) ALR-94 is capable of catching the signals of the radars at ranges of more than 400-450 km.
Interestingly, radar AN/APG-77 also contributes to the stealth of the aircraft. It has a mode of operation of the LPI (Low Probability of Intercept) with a particular configuration of the radiated signals. It is alleged that SPO enemy aircraft cannot correctly identify such radiation and to warn the pilot about the threat.
Russian advantages
It is Known that in the Russian project of the su-57 was actively used various solutions to reduce the visibility in all the major ranges. The results of such measures, as in the case of the F-22A is classified. Even the basic characteristics of this kind were not disclosed, which is necessary to deal solely with the estimates of varying degrees of plausibility.
Due to the structure and shapes of the airframe, the EPR of the Russian aircraft, according to various estimates, ranges from 0.1 to 1 sq. m. Informed in the foreign publications mentioned EPR to 2-3 sq. m, which does not seem plausible. Apparently, the issues of stealth aircraft is done in such a way that the lowest ESR available under irradiation from the front hemisphere, i.e. when approaching the enemy.
Unlike the F-22A, the Russian su-57 has an engine nozzle of circular cross section with full thrust vector control. It is assumed that it is not possible to reduce the thermal radiation, but the precise details are not available. There is information on measures to reduce the temperature of the reactive gases and, consequently, of lowering the visibility of IGSN.
Su-57 is equipped with radar N036 Belka with several AFAR, placed in different parts of the airframe. Used "traditional" bow antenna and the device in the leading edge and the wing tips, working in different bands. This ensures all-round visibility at ranges of hundreds of kilometers, allowing time to see air targets.
Data show that the "Protein" pinpoint objects with the RCS of 3 sq m at ranges of 400 km For RCS=1 square meter this parameter is reduced to 300 km. With a distance of 165 km is the detection of a target with RCS of 0.1 sq. m. other parameters of the radar are unknown.
Unlike the F-22A, su-57 has an optical-location station. The product of the OLS-50M is capable of finding targets on their thermal radiationat distances of tens of kilometers. The plane did not unmask himself with a light of their radars. Optical-location station is included in the sighting and navigation complex and can produce firing data.
Hide and find
Available data on the characteristics of the equipment and its units suggest that the American fighter F-22A in ideal conditions are able to notice the radio signals of the Russian su-57 at distances over 400 km. However, the detection and tracking radar AN/APG-77 is only possible at shorter distances, of the order of 110-120 km at the counter. While the F-22A will be able to start the long-range missiles.
In similar conditions, the capacity of su-57 is, at least, not below. The exact parameters of its electronic intelligence unclear, but we can assume the possibility of identifying other people's signals at distances of hundreds of kilometers. Next, the question of range depends on the actual characteristics of the technology of a potential enemy.
If the evaluation of Russian experts are correct, and the EPR of the F-22A can indeed reach a 0.3 sq. m radar N036 will notice it from a distance of not less than 160-200 km. However, we cannot completely exclude the possibility of reducing the ESR of 1-2 square cm in certain conditions. In this case, the range of detection and tracking may be greatly reduced. You should consider the fact that the composition of Proteins there are several modules of different ranges that complement each other. It is quite possible that one AFAR will be able to observe the target before the other and provide the highest possible detection range.
In certain situations, the su-57 may have an advantage over the F-22A due to the presence of OLS. However, such a system range is not greater than the primary radar and is therefore rather an additional means of detection.
Who?
As you can see, the leading countries used in their advanced projects, all the basic ideas and solutions related to issues of visibility and detection. It is assumed that due to this su-57 and F-22A will be able to remain undetected as long as possible, but the time to detect the enemy and perform a missile attack.
Available data shows that both aircraft have some advantages in front of each other, capable at any moment to affect the outcome of the battle. However, the results of battles are determined not only by issues of stealth and detection systems. Important or even decisive factors can be characteristics of the weapons, communications and command and control, the level of training of pilots, etc.
However, the existence of such factors does not diminish the value of their own characteristics of the aircraft. In this respect, as we can see, su-57 and F-22A are advanced development with high options and features.
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