inf.news
2021-06-08 19:59
The 003 aircraft carrier has initially shown its basic appearance. Someone pointed out the location similar to the flue opening through the latest site map. Only conventionally powered aircraft carriers will be equipped with huge flue exhaust ducts. Therefore, the volume of the ship island is much larger than that of nuclear powered aircraft carriers. If it is true, 003 will still be a conventionally powered aircraft carrier, and according to the tradition that naval warships are mostly in double pairs, 003 will also have a sister ship, so that we will build at least 4 conventionally powered aircraft carriers.
(The picture above is a snapshot of the 003 aircraft carrier)
Four conventionally powered aircraft carriers are enough for us to use. They are deployed in pairs to the East China Sea and the South China Sea to perform alternate missions. Conventional-powered aircraft carriers also have advantages. Compared with nuclear-powered aircraft carriers, they are safer and more convenient to use and maintain. The most important thing is that the cost is lower. However, the conventional power that burns heavy oil like the Shandong ship should not continue to be built well. A conventionally powered aircraft carrier similar to the Queen Elizabeth using gas turbines should be developed. This is the general trend.
(003 If it is really as shown in the picture above, the ship island is huge and has obvious chimneys, then it must be a conventionally powered aircraft carrier)
The disadvantage of conventional power is that the power components are complex in structure, large in size, and they also need to carry larger fuel, which takes up space on the ship body. The nuclear reactor of the nuclear power system has a small volume and the fuel rods are even negligible For warships, nuclear power has a natural volume advantage.
However, the emergence of the Queen Elizabeth aircraft carrier broke this situation, because the Queen's gas turbine is also very small, much smaller than the average heavy oil boiler. The professional point is that the power density is greater.
(Whose boiler can be so small? The reactor can't be so small)
When the power of the internal combustion engine is the same, the volume of the gas turbine is about 1\3~1\5 of the diesel engine, and about 1\5~1\10 of the steam turbine. Considering that nuclear power should be equipped with heating boilers, steam turbines and speed reduction Institutions, the volume advantages of gas turbines may not even be comparable to nuclear power. It can be seen that the replacement of heavy oil boilers with gas turbines for our Liaoning and Shandong ships can save at least 4\5~9\10 internal space, which is bound to greatly improve the quality of life of the crew and enhance the carrier’s aircraft. The quantity, it is no exaggeration to regard it as a technological revolution in aircraft carrier engineering.
(Large naval gas turbine, core structure is similar to aero engine)
The other two advantages of gas turbines are fast response and low noise, which are exactly what naval warships need very much.
The noise problem has always been a chronic problem of naval equipment. Large warships of tens of thousands of tons were sunk by hundreds of kilograms of torpedoes, which is not uncommon in the history of naval warfare. Submarines are the main equipment for torpedo operations. The existing anti-submarine methods are difficult to effectively deal with. Deep and shallow submarine. Submarine positioning targets often rely on sonar devices. Therefore, the urgency of improving the quietness of warships is no less than improving the invisibility. In order to improve the quietness, countries have put nuclear reactors on warships and submarines. One of the advantages of nuclear power is that it is very be quiet.
(Aircraft want hot air, and warships want high-speed rotors. Therefore, marine gas turbines will not have a large amount of hot gas injection, but the basic heat dissipation system is still indispensable)
In terms of noise, the advantage of gas turbines lies in nuclear power. Its rotor is very light and has only a small amount of mechanical friction during high-speed rotation. There is no mechanical noise caused by the reciprocating movement of pistons of internal combustion engines. The water is boiled to produce steam, and finally the steam is guided to drive the steam turbine to rotate. The noise source of the gas turbine is only one rotor, and the noise level is absolutely the lowest.
(Gas turbine structure diagram)
(Aero engine structure drawing)
In addition, the gas turbine is almost the same as the aero engine on the aircraft. When starting, only external force is required to drive the light rotor to rotate. With the help of the starter, the maximum speed can be reached in a few minutes. At this time, the aircraft carrier can set sail for combat; The power output level of the engine can be adjusted by stepping on the pedal. This is also applicable to gas turbines, so warships can have more flexible acceleration and deceleration capabilities, and the flexibility will make the driver very satisfied.
Traditional steam turbines and internal combustion engines are far more troublesome than gas turbines. They often require more than one hour of warm-up time to reach the best state. The acceleration and deceleration processes are also more complicated. Generally, they are realized through complex transmission systems. It will also take up a huge amount of space in the hull.
Of course, the gas turbine is not without its shortcomings. For example, its rotor speed is very high, which requires a very complicated deceleration mechanism to drive the propeller. In order to solve this problem, the United Kingdom has perfected the "ship-use integrated electric propulsion system" technology. The two MT30 gas turbines are linked to the generator , and the rotor speed of the generator is also very fast. This is completely seamlessly connected with the characteristics of the gas turbine. The power generated by the gas turbine is instantly converted into electricity, and then the motor is driven to drive the propeller of the aircraft carrier. It saves a lot of complicated equipment, has low cost, simple operation and maintenance, small size, and higher structural safety.
The emergence of the Queen Elizabeth aircraft carrier has truly realized the maturity of marine gas turbine technology, and has also allowed conventional power ships to catch up with most of the advantages of nuclear-powered warships. The only thing that cannot keep up is that they cannot cruise infinitely like nuclear power and frequent fuel refueling. Note work will limit the ability of the aircraft carrier to continue combat, but compared to the cost and safety hazards of nuclear power, this trouble is really nothing.
It can be seen that as long as technical conditions permit, we still prefer the power configuration of "gas turbine + integrated electric power", and future aircraft carrier construction will all be conventional power.
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